This main focus of this Special Issue “Plant-based Bioactive Natural Products: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Action” is to cover the recent advances in science related to the molecular mechanisms of action of natural products. A total of nine articles were published under this Special Issue including seven original research articles and two review articles.
This biographical encyclopedia will provide the first comprehensive reference work on leading scholars and professionals who have contributed to the development and institutionalization of psychology in Latin America. The figures biographed will include scholars who have made a significant theoretical contribution to the discipline, as well as, practitioners and those who have contributed to th…
The second edition of this well-received two-volume study of Islam updates and adds to its predecessor 40 percent new content. It updates and revises most of the original 500+ entries and adds new topics to reflect changes in the Muslim world since 2004, from the emergence/re-emergence of Islamic regimes to challenges to the rule of religious leaders (Iran), to continuing instability across Nor…
This encyclopedia provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the various aspects of the American drug problem, including the drugs themselves, the actions taken in attempts to curb or stop the drug trade, the efforts at intervention and treatment of those individuals affected by drug use, and the cultural and economic effects of drug use in the United States. More than 450 entries descriptivel…
The Encyclopedia of Political Communication discusses the major theoretical approaches to the field, including direct and limited effects theories, agenda-setting theories, sociological theories, framing and priming theories, and other past and present conceptualizations. With nearly 600 entries, this resource pays considerable attention to important political messages such as political speeche…
This encyclopedia explores in depth diverse aspects of phobias, fears, and anxieties. Information on these subjects has developed along with our knowledge of other areas of mental health. Just as our understanding of the human psyche is far from complete, so too is our understanding of the origins and management of phobias, fears, and anxieties. This second edition explores additional life area…
Adoption is a constantly evolving institution that changes to fit the perceived needs of children who need families, whether they are healthy newborns, children in foster care, children from other countries, or children of all ages with special needs. In addition to the “triad” members of adopted children, adoptive parents, and birthparents, there are many others who are actively involved i…
Many people depend on prescribed medications such as benzodiazepines to cope with serious anxiety disorders, while others rely on narcotic pain medications to enable them to live relatively normal lives rather than being disabled by suffering from the severe pain that is caused by, for example, cancer, chronic back pain, or other debilitating conditions. In addition, others use stimulants to tr…
The Encyclopedia of Child Abuse reflects the struggle to define, prevent and treat this problem. Entries reflect the range of disciplines (including law, medicine, psychology, sociology, economics, history, education and others) that contribute to our understanding of child maltreatment as well as the scope of debate within and among disciplines. Where there is disagreement on a particular poin…
The digestion of food is necessary to sustain life. This fact is as true today, in the 21st century era of high technology and a dazzling array of newly approved medications and therapeutic medical devices, as it was millennia ago when humans actively hunted or farmed for the basic food that they needed in order to survive. Modern computerized equipment even the most remarkable medical discover…