This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and …
Agricultural immunology is a new research field that fuses animal, marine and plant immunology, all of which have been previously regarded as separate topics and fields. Recent progresses in immunological research, however, have demonstrated that the innate immune system against agricultural infection causing pathogens has common features in plants and animals. Agricultural Immunology therefore…